Vitamin D

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The scientific evidence presented here suggests that the use of various nutrients have the ability to reduce the risks of certain forms of cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, dementia and memory loss, lung disease, joint pain, arthritis, liver disease, obesity, and metabolic function. However, the FDA has not yet determined that this scientific evidence is conclusive. Consult your physician for additional information.

Holick MF (2004) Vitamin D: importance in the prevention of cancers, type 1 diabetes, heart disease, and osteoporosis. Am J Clin Nutr 79:362-71
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Michael F Holick (2004) Sunlight and vitamin D for bone health and prevention of autoimmune diseases, cancers, and cardiovascular disease. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80(suppl)
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Holick MF (2006) Vitamin D: Its role in cancer prevention and treatment. Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology 92:49-59.
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Ylikomi T, Laaksi I, Lou YR, Martikainen P, Miettinen S, Pennanen P, Purmonen S, Syvälä H, Vienonen A, and Tuohimaa P (2002) Antiproliferative action of vitamin D. Vitamins and Hormones 64:357-406.
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Tuohimaa P, Lyakhovich A, Aksenov N, Pennanen P, Syvälä H, Lou YR, Ahonen M, Hasan T, Pasanen P, Bläuer M, Manninen T, Miettinen S, Vilja P, and Ylikomi T (2001) Vitamin D and prostate cancer. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry & Molecular Biology 76:125-134.
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Tuohimaa P, Keisala T, Minasyan A, Cachat J, and Kalueff A (2009) Vitamin D, nervous system and aging. Psychoneuroendocrinology 34S:S278-S286.
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Litonjua AA and Weiss ST (2007) Is vitamin D deficiency to blame for the asthma epidemic? J Allergy Clin Immunol 120:1031-5.
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Grant WB, Cross HS, Garland CF, Gorham ED, Moan J, Peterlik M, Porojnicu AC, Reichrath J, and Zittermann A (2009) Estimated benefit of increased vitamin D status in reducing the economic burden of disease in western Europe. Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology 99:104-113.
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Reichrath J (2006) The challenge resulting from positive and negative effects of sunlight: How much solar UV exposure is appropriate to balance between risks of vitamin D deficiency and skin cancer? Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology 92:9-16.
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Zitterman A (2006) Vitamin D and disease prevention with special reference to cardiovascular disease. Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology 92:39-48.
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Cantorna MT (2006) Vitamin D and its role in immunology: Multiple sclerosis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology 92:60-64.
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Giovannucci E, Liu Y, RimmEB, Hollis BW, Fuchs CS, Stampfer MJ, and Willett WC (2006) Prospective study of predictors of vitamin D status and cancer incidence and mortality in men. J Natl Cancer Inst 98-451-9.
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Grant WB and Garland CF (2004) A critical review of studies on vitamin D in relation to colorectal cancer. Nutrition and Cancer 48:115-123.
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Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Willett WC, Wong JB, Giovannucci E, Dietrich E, and Dawson-Hughes B (2005) Fracture prevention with vitamin D supplementation: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JAMA 293:2257-2264.
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Zadshir A, Tareen N, Pan D, Norris K, and Martins D (2005) The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D among U.S. adults: Data from the NHANES III. Ethn Dis 15(suppl 5):S5-97—S5-101.
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Melamed ML, Michos ED, Post W, and Astor B (2008) 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and the risk of mortality in the general population. Arch Intern Med 168:1629-1637.
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Love-Schimenti CD, Gibson DFC, Ratnam AV, and Bikle DD (1996) Antiestrogen potentiation of antiproliferative effects of vitamin D3 analogues in breast cancer cells. Cancer Research 56:2789-2794.
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Robsahm TE, Tretli S, Dahlback A, and Moan J (2004) Vitamin D3 from sunlight may improve the prognosis of breast-, colon- and prostate cancer. Cancer Causes and Control 15:149-158.
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Kimie Nakagawa, Akihiko Kawaura, Shigeaki Kato, Eiji Takeda and Toshio Okano (2005) 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 is a preventive factor in the metastasis of lung cancer. Carcinogenesis vol.26 no.2 pp.429-440, 2005
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Cedric F. Garland, Dr.Ph, Face, Edward D. Gorham, MPH, PHD, Sharif B. Hohr, MPH, and Frank C. Garland, PHD (2009). Vitamin D for Cancer Prevention: Global Perspective. AEP Vol. 19, No. 7 pp.468-483, 2009
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Jacobo Wortsman, Lois Y Matsuoka, Tai C Chen, Zhiren Lu, and Michael F Holick (2010) Decreased bioavailability of vitamin D in obesity. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;72:690–3.
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Gorham ED, Garland CF, Garland FC, Grant WB, Mohr SB, Lipkin M, Newmark HL, Giovannucci E, Wei M, and Holick MF (2007) Optimal Vitamin D Status for Colorectal Cancer Prevention: A Quantitative Meta Analysis. Am J Prev Med 32(3):210 – 216.
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Garland CF, Gorham ED, Mohr SB, Grant WB, Giovannucci EL, Lipkin M, Newmark H, Holick MF, and Garland FC (2007) Vitamin D and prevention of breast cancer: Pooled analysis. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry & Molecular Biology 103:708 – 711.
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Garland CF, Garland FC, Gorham ED, Lipkin M, Newmark H, Mohr SB, and Holick MF (2006) The Role of Vitamin D in Cancer Prevention. Am J Public Health 96:252 – 261.
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