Heart Disease

Pinnaclife® provides these reference articles as a courtesy to our current and future customers. They are available so that you can download, print and take articles of your choice to your next medical appointment, or share the Pinnaclife site address with your trained healthcare professional. They are not intended to imply a diagnosis or cure for any condition, illness or disease.

The scientific evidence presented here suggests that the use of various nutrients have the ability to reduce the risks of certain forms of cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, dementia and memory loss, lung disease, joint pain, arthritis, liver disease, obesity, and metabolic function. However, the FDA has not yet determined that this scientific evidence is conclusive. Consult your physician for additional information.

Ma J, Folsom AR, Melnich SI, Eckfeldt JH, Sharrett AR, Nabulsi AA, Hutchinson RG, and Metcalf PA (1995) Associations of Serum and Dietary Magnesium with Cardiovascular Disease, Hypertension, Diabetes, Insulin, and Carotid Arterial Wall Thickness: The Aric Study. J Clin Epidemiol 48(7):927 – 940.
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Rimm EB, Willett WC, HU FB, Sampson L, Colditz GA, Manson JE, Hennekens C, Stampfer MJ (1998) Folate and Vitamin B6 From Diet and Supplements in Relation to Risk of Coronary Heart Disease Among Women. JAMA 279:359 – 364.
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Streppel MT, Ocké MC, Boshuizen HC, Kok FJ, and Kromhout D (2008) Dietary fiber intake in relation to coronary heart disease and all-cause mortality over 40 y: the Zutphen Study. Am J Clin Nutr 88:1119-25.
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Joel A. Simon, Maureen A. Murtaugh, Myron D. Gross, Catherine M. Loria, Stephen B. Hulley, and David R. Jacobs, Jr. (2004) Relation of Ascorbic Acid to Coronary Artery Calcium - The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study. American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 159, No. 6
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Anitra C Carr and Balz Frei (1999) Toward a new recommended dietary allowance for vitamin C based on antioxidant and health effects in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;69:1086–107.
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Nigel G Stephens, Ann Parsons, Peter M Schofield, Frank Kelly, Kevin Cheeseman, Malcolm J Mitchinson, Morris J Brown (1996) Randomised controlled trial of vitamin E in patients with coronary disease: Cambridge Heart Antioxidant Study (CHAOS). The Lancet 347: 781-86
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Eric B. Rimm; Walter C. Willett; Frank B. Hu; et al. (1998) Folate and Vitamin B6 From Diet and Supplements in Women Relation to Risk of Coronary Heart Disease Among Women. JAMA 1998;279(5):359-364
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Chung Mo Nam, PhD, Kyung Won Oh, PhD, Kang Hee Lee, MD, PhD, Sun Ha Jee, PhD, Seung Yun Cho, MD, PhD, Won Heum Shim, MD, PhD, Il Suh, MD, PhD (2003) Vitamin C Intake and Risk of Ischemic Heart Disease in a Population with a High Prevalence of Smoking. Journal of the American College of Nutrition Vol. 22, No. 5, 372-378 (2003)
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Heart Disease & Stroke Statistics - 2009 Update At-A-Glance. American Heart Association
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Visioli F, Bogani P, Grande S and Galli C (2004) Olive oil and oxidative stress. Grasas y Aceites 55:66-75.
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Vita J (2005) Polyphenols and cardiovascular disease: effects on endothelial and platelet function. Am J Clin Nutr 81(suppl):292S–7S.
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Covas MI, Nyyssönen K, Poulsen HE, Kaikkonen J, Zunft HF, Kiesewetter H, Gaddi A, de la Torre R, Mursu J, Baümler H, Nascetti S, Salonen JT, Fitó M, Virtanen J, and Marrugat J (2006) The Effect of Polyphenols in Olive Oil on Heart Disease Risk Factors A Randomized Trial Ann Intern Med. 145:333-341.
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Covas MI (2007) Olive oil and the cardiovascular system. Pharmacological Research 55:175–186.
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Edgecombe SE, Stretch GL, and Hayball PJ (2000) Oleuropein, an antioxidant polyphenol from olive oil, is poorly absorbed from isolated perfused rat intestine. J. Nutr. 130:2996–3002.
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Weinbrenner T, Fitó M, de la Torre R, Saez GT, Rijken P, Tormos C, Coolen S, Albaladejo MF, Abanadess, Schroder H, Marrugat J, and Covas MI (2004) Olive oils high in phenolic compounds modulate oxidative/antioxidative status in men. J. Nutr. 134:2314–2321.
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Helmut Sies and Norman I Krinsky (1995) The present status of antioxidant vitamins and β-carotene. Am J Clin Nutr l995:62(suppl):l299S-300S.
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Paul M. Ridker, M.D., Nader Rifai, Ph.D., Lynda Rose, M.S., Julie E. Buring, Sc.D., And Nancy R. Cook, Sc.D. (2009) Comparison Of C-reactive Protein And Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels In The Prediction Of First Cardiovascular Events. N Engl J Med, Vol. 347, No. 20 - November 14, 2002
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Umed A. Ajani, Earl S. Ford, and Ali H. Mokdad (2004) Dietary Fiber and C-Reactive Protein: Findings from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data. 2004 American Society for Nutritional Sciences.
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Mark A. Pereira, PhD; Eilis O’Reilly, MSc; Katarina Augustsson, PhD; Gary E. Fraser, MBChB, PhD; Uri Goldbourt, PhD; Berit L. Heitmann, PhD; Goran Hallmans, MD, PhD; Paul Knekt, PhD; Simin Liu, MD, ScD; Pirjo Pietinen, DSc; Donna Spiegelman, ScD; June Stevens, MS, PhD; Jarmo Virtamo, MD; Walter C. Willett, MD; Alberto Ascherio, MD (2004). Arch Intern Med. 2004;164:370-376
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Denis Lairon, Nathalie Arnault, Sandrine Bertrais, Richard Planells, Enora Clero, Serge Hercberg, and Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault (2005) Dietary fiber intake and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in French adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;82: 1185–94.
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David S. Ludwig; Mark A. Pereira; Candyce H. Kroenke; et al. (2010) Dietary Fiber, Weight Gain, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Young Adults. JAMA. 1999;282(16):1539-1546
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Marie Bourraindeloup, MD; Christophe Adamy, PhD; Gabriele Candiani, MSci; Michel Cailleret, MSci; Marie-Claude Bourin, PhD; Thierry Badoual, MD; Jin Bo Su, PhD; Sylviane Adubeiro; Françoise Roudot-Thoraval, MD; Jean-Luc Dubois-Rande, MD, PhD; Luc Hittinger, MD, PhD; Françoise Pecker, PhD (2009) N-Acetylcysteine Treatment Normalizes Serum Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Level and Hinders the Progression of Cardiac Injury in Hypertensive Rats. Circulation. 2004;110:2003-2009.
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