Pinnaclife® provides these reference articles as a courtesy to our current and future customers. They are available so that you can download, print and take articles of your choice to your next medical appointment, or share the Pinnaclife site address with your trained healthcare professional. They are not intended to imply a diagnosis or cure for any condition, illness or disease.
The scientific evidence presented here suggests that the use of various nutrients have the ability to reduce the risks of certain forms of cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, dementia and memory loss, lung disease, joint pain, arthritis, liver disease, obesity, and metabolic function. However, the FDA has not yet determined that this scientific evidence is conclusive. Consult your physician for additional information.
Milgram NW, Araujo JA, Hagen TM, Treadwell BV, and Ames BN (2007) Acetyl-L-carnitine and α-lipoic acid supplementation of aged beagle dogs improves learning in two landmark discrimination tests. FASEB J 21:3756-3762.
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Ames BN and Liu J (2004) Delaying the mitochondrial decay of aging with acetylcarnitine. Ann NY Acad Sci 1033:108-116.
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Ames BN, Shigenaga MK, and Hagen TM (1993) Oxidants, antioxidants, and the degenerative diseases of aging. PNAS 90:7915-7922.
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Wollin SD and Jones PJH (2003) α-lipoic acid and cardiovascular disease. J Nutr 133:3327-3330.
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Maddux BA, See W, Lawrence Jr JC, Goldfine AL, Goldfine ID, and Evans JL (2001) Protection against oxidative stress-induced insulin resistance in rat L6 muscle cells by micromolar concentrations of α-lipoic acid. Diabetes 50:404-410.
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Halat KM and Dennehy CE (2003) Botanicals and dietary supplements in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. J Am Board Fam Pract 16:47-57.
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Kowluru RA and Odenbach S (2004) Effect of long-term administration of α-lipoic acid on retinal capillary cell death and the development of retinopathy in diabetic rats. Diabetes 53:3233-3238.
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Khanna S, Atalay M, Laaksonen DE, Gul M, Roy S, and Sen CK (1999) α-lipoic acid supplementation: tissue glutathione homeostasis at rest and after exercise. J Apply Physiol 86:1191-1196.
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Khanna S, Roy S, Packer L, and Sen CK (1999) Cytokine-induced glucose uptake in skeletal muscle: redox regulation and the role of α-lipoic acid. Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 276:1327-1333.
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Farr SA, Poon HF, Dogrukol-Ak D, Drake J, Banks WA, Eyerman E, Butterfield DA, and Morley JE (2003) The antioxidants α-lipoic acid and N-acetylcysteine reverse memory impairment and brain oxidative stress in aged SAMP8 mice. J Neurochem 84:1173-1183.
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Hagen TM, Ingersoll RT, Lykkesfeldt J, Liu J, Wehr CM, Vinarsky V, Batholomew JC, and Ames BN (1999) (R)- α-Lipoic acid-supplemented told rats have improved mitochondrial function, decreased oxidative damage, and increased metabolic rate. FASEB J 12:411-418.
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